{"id":782,"date":"2019-12-17T10:11:54","date_gmt":"2019-12-17T10:11:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/policymeasures.com\/?post_type=measure&#038;p=782"},"modified":"2022-06-06T11:30:59","modified_gmt":"2022-06-06T11:30:59","slug":"congestion-charging-in-london","status":"publish","type":"measure","link":"https:\/\/policymeasures.com\/measure\/congestion-charging-in-london\/","title":{"rendered":"Congestion Charging in London"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The London Congestion Charge has applied to a 22 km<sup>2<\/sup> area of Central London, since 2003. The charge of \u00a311.50 as of 2019 is levied on motor vehicles operating in this area between the hours of 07:00 and 18:00 on weekdays. After immediate implementation, the number of vehicles in the charge zone dropped by 15%, and initially the speed of travel in this area increased by 17% (Prud\u2019homme and Bocarejo, 2005). The travel speed has been in steady decline since then, partially due to an increase in cars choosing to pay the fee, but also due to the change in bus corridors which was implemented along with the charge in 2003. In relation to air pollution, the charge has had a positive impact in improving the air quality for the congestion charge zone, however this area makes up approximately 1% of London\u2019s total air pollutants and therefore there is little to no effect on improving the air quality in the Greater London area. (Prud\u2019homme and Bocarejo, 2005). The congestion charge is an example of a monetary incentive designed to create a behaviour change in consumers, in this case the desired change is a modal shift away from fossil fuelled passenger vehicles.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":1004,"template":"","measure_type":[29,32],"measure_sector":[35],"sub_description":[47],"main_emission_target":[70,62,61],"policy_focus":[73,74],"climate_relevance":[86],"implementation_status":[99],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/policymeasures.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/measure\/782"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/policymeasures.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/measure"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/policymeasures.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/measure"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/policymeasures.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1004"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/policymeasures.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=782"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"measure_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/policymeasures.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/measure_type?post=782"},{"taxonomy":"measure_sector","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/policymeasures.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/measure_sector?post=782"},{"taxonomy":"sub_description","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/policymeasures.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sub_description?post=782"},{"taxonomy":"main_emission_target","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/policymeasures.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/main_emission_target?post=782"},{"taxonomy":"policy_focus","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/policymeasures.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/policy_focus?post=782"},{"taxonomy":"climate_relevance","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/policymeasures.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/climate_relevance?post=782"},{"taxonomy":"implementation_status","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/policymeasures.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/implementation_status?post=782"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}